Nocardial brain abscess is usually associated with immunodeficiency, but can sometimes emerge in healthy individuals. This infection can be acquired through inhalation or direct inoculation of the bacteria, followed by dissemination to various organs, including the brain, through blood circulation. Mortality rate due to nocardial cerebral abscess is three times higher than that associated with cerebral abscess caused by other types of bacteria. Moreover, patients with Nocardia asteroides-associated brain abscess show poorer prognosis compared to patients with brain abscess caused by other Nocardia species, which is probably due to the high tendency of N. asteroides to become resistant to numerous antibiotics. It is, therefore, of paramount importance to diagnose and treat N. asteroides cerebral abscess in patients as soon as possible. The current paper is a rare report of a brain abscess caused by N. asteroides in a diabetic patient who failed to respond to multiple antibiotics (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Abstract Background: Umbilical endometriosis is a rare entity accounting for 0.5-4% of cases with endometriosis. Case presentation: Here we report a rare case of umbilical endometriosis with concurrent ovarian endometriomas in a 37-year old primiparous Iranian woman. Conclusion: This interesting coexistence reflects the importance of thorough gynecological assessment in patients with cutaneous endometriosis to enable appropriate management. Keywords: Cutaneous endometriosis; Endometrioma; Ovarian cyst; Umbilical endometriosis.